Để diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể nào đó trong quá khứ hoặc hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một quãng thời gian ở quá khứ người ta thường sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Bài viết này chúng tôi trình bày tóm lược lý thuyết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn và một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.
Tóm tắt lý thuyết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Cấu trúc (Form)
– Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
- I/He/She/It + was +verb-ing
- We/ You/ They + were +verb-ing
Ex:
- The children were playing football at that time. (Lúc đó bọn trẻ đang đá bóng.)
– Thể phủ định (Negative form)
- Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing
Ex:
- I waved to her but she wasn’t looking. (Tôi vẫy cô ấy nhưng cô ấy không nhìn thấy.)
– Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)
- Was/Were + subject + verb-ing?
Ex:
- What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? (Lúc 10 giờ tối qua bạn đang làm gì?)
Cách dùng (Usage)
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn tả:
– Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể nào đó trong quá khứ.
Ex:
- I was doing my homework at 6 p.m. last Sunday. (Chủ Nhật trước, vào lúc 6 giờ chiều tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà.)
- They were practising English at that time. (Vào lúc đó họ đang thực tập tiếng Anh.)
- What were you doing at this time yesterday? (Vào giờ này hôm qua bạn đang làm gì?)
– Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài liên tục trong một quãng thời gian ở quá khứ.
Ex:
- Yesterday, Mr Smith was working in the laboratory all the afternoon. (Suốt buổi chiều hôm qua ông Smith đã làm việc trong phòng thí nghiệm.)
- What were you doing from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m yesterday? (Hôm qua, từ 3 giờ đến 6 giờ chiều, bạn đã làm gì?)
– Hành động đang diễn ra vào một thời điểm trong quá khứ thì một hành động quá khứ khác xảy đến (dùng thì past progressive cho hành động xảy ra trong một thời gian dài và thì past simple cho hành động xảy ra trong một thời gian ngắn). Cách dùng này thường được dùng với các liên từ when và while.
Ex:
- When I came yesterday, he was sleeping. (Hôm qua khi tôi đến, anh ta đang ngủ.)
- What was she doing when you saw her? (Cồ ta đang làm gì khi bạn gặp cỗ ta?)
- While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. (Tôi bị đau lưng khi tôi đang làm việc trong vườn.)
– Hai hay nhiều hành động diễn ra đồng thời trong quá khứ.
Ex:
- Yesterday, I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes. (Hôm qua, tôi nấu ăn trong khi chị tôi rửa bát đĩa.)
– Hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ gây khó chịu cho người nói.
Ex:
- He was always ringing me up. (Anh ta cứ gọi điện cho tôi mãi.)
*Lưu ý: Không dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past progresive) với các dộng từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác hoặc sự sở hữu. Thay vào đó, ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn (past simple).
Ex:
- When the students heard the bell, they left their class. (Khi các học sinh nghe tiếng chuông, chúng rời khỏi lớp.) [NOT … were hearing…]
- He felt tired at that time. (Vào lúc đó anh ta cảm thấy mệt.)
Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: Cấu trúc và cách dùng [Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh cơ bản]
Bài tập thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. Hoàn thành những câu phủ định sau
(Make negative sentences) statements and questions.
……………………………………… a shower at 7 o’clock. (I | not have)
……………………………………… computer games when I came back home? (you | not play)
……………………………………… on the beach all day. (I | not lie)
……………………………………… when you saw us. (we | not argue)
……………………………………… between one and two o’clock? (John and Marry | not work)
……………………………………… on your seat when you wanted to sit down. (Sam | not sit)
……………………………………… anything at that moment. (they | not do)
……………………………………… to the airport at 11 o’clock? (Mr. Jones | not drive)
Đáp án:
I wasn’t (was not) having
Weren’t you playing | Were you not playing?
I wasn’t (was not) lying We weren’t (were not) arguing
Weren’t John and Marry working | Were John and Marry not working?
Dick wasn’t (was not) sitting
They weren’t (were not) doing
Wasn’t Mr. Jones driving | Was Mr. Jones not driving?
2. Peter và bạn gái Sara của anh ấy thì đang ở nhà hàng trong suốt bữa săn trưa của anh ấy, hãy viết câu hỏi sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
(Peter and his girlfriend Sara were at a restaurant during their lunch break. Make questions in the past continuous to ask about them).
Where ………………………………………………………..?
At a table by the window.
What ………………………………………………………… ?
Coffee with milk and a glass of orange juice.
What ……………… Peter …………………………….. ?
The orange juice. …………………………………………………… anything?
No, nothing. They were not hungry.
What ………………. Sara…………………………….?
A white pullover and black jeans.
How ……………. she …………………… in her outfit?
She was really pretty. ……………. they …………………… anything special?
Not really. They were just talking.
What ……………………………………………….. about?
About their friends from school.
How ………. Peter ……………… at the restaurant?
He was quite happy and relaxed.
Đáp án:
Where were they sitting?
What were they drinking?
What was Peter drinking?
Were they eating anything?
What was Sara wearing?
How was she looking in her outfit?
Were they doing anything special?
What were they talking | speaking | chatting about?
How was Peter feeling at the restaurant?
3. Gia đình Thomas. Hãy hoàn thành đoạn văn bên dưới nói về những hoặt đông họ làm vào 9 giờ ngày thứ 7
(The Thomas family. What were they doing on Saturday at 8 o’clock?)
Mr. Thomas ……………………………………. (cook) dinner in the kitchen. Mrs. Thompas ……………………………………. (clean) their car in front of their house. John and Marry ……………………………………. (sit) in the hall near the fireplace.
Jack, their 11 years old son, ……………………………………. (read) Shakespeare’s sonnets.
Eve, at the age of 16, ……………………………………. (play) with Barbies.
Their grandma and grandpa ……………………………………. (have) a good time.
Their grandma ……………………………………. (exercise) in the gym.
Their grandpa ……………………………………. (iron) shirts and socks in the living room.
They also had two pets. And do you know what they ……………………………………. (do)?
Spot, the puppy, ……………………………………. (catch) mice in the garden.
And Bill, the little cute kitten, ……………………………………. (fight) with neighbour’s dog.
Đáp án:
was cooking
was cleaning
were sitting
was reading
was playing
were having
was exercising
was ironing
were doing
was catching
was fighting
4. Bài tập hoàn thành đoạn đối thoại sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
(Complete the dialogues with negative forms of the past continuous tense).
C: Were you talking to Peter during dinner?
D: I …………………………………….. to anybody. I was alone.
C: Were you watching a football match when I phoned you?
D: I …………………………………….. TV. I was listening to music.
C: Was I wearing the blue tie at the party?
D: You …………………………………….. any tie, as far as I can remember.
C: Guess what I was doing between 6 and 7 o’clock.
D: You …………………………………….. anything, your sister told me.
C: When I met them, John was buying some meat and Jill was buying drinks.
D: I don’t understand why they …………………………………….. things together.
C: I wasn’t waiting for them when they arrived.
D: Why …………………………………….. for them? What happened?
C: Eve was looking at me when we got out of the car.
D: It’s not true! She …………………………………….. at you.
C: You weren’t looking very happy at the beginning of the English lesson.
D: And why …………………………………….. happy? I didn’t want to write the test!
Đáp án:
I wasn’t (was not) talking
I wasn’t (was not) watching
You weren’t (were not) wearing
You weren’t (were not) doing they weren’t (were not) buying
Why weren’t you waiting | Why were you not waiting…?
She wasn’t (was not) waving
And why wasn’t I looking | Why was I not looking…?
5. Mary đã nhìn thấy Tim và Matt tại hồ bơi. Sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để hoàn thành bài tập hội thoại bên dưới:
(Julie saw Tim and Matt at the swimming pool. Make past continuous questions to complete the dialogue).
Sam: ……………………………………………………….. when you saw them? (what | Tim and Matt | do)
Mary: Tim was swimming in the pool, but I didn’t see Matt first.
Sam: …………………………………………… in the pool, too? (you | swim)
Mary: No, I wasn’t. I was just looking. But then I saw Matt, too.
Sam: …………………………………… ? (what | he | do)
Mary: He was diving in the pool.
Sam: Diving, you say. ……………………………………. to dive? (he | not | just | try) He can’t dive.
Mary: You’re right. He was just trying to do it. And all his friends were watching it.
Sam: …………………………………….. ? (they | laugh)
Mary: Of course, they were. Matt was pretty funny. He splashed the water all over the place.
Sam: ………………………………… faces when he came up to the surface of the pool? (Matt | make)
Mary: Yes, he was. He was grinning and making faces at me.
Sam: At you? Vow! And what about Tim? ……………………………………… Matt, too? (he | watch)
Mary: Not really. He was looking at me instead.
Sam: Oh, no! You’re kidding. ………………………………….. your new swimsuit? (you | wear)
Mary: Yes, I was. Why?
Sam: Now I know why Tim and Matt were watching you, Julie.
Đáp án:
What were Tim and Matt doing…?
Were you swimming…?
What was he doing?
Wasn’t he just trying | Was he not just trying…?
Were they laughing?
Was Matt making…
Was he watching…?
Were you wearing…?
6. Hãy nhìn vào lịch trình của Jane. Hãy dựa vào gợi ý bên dưới để điền vào chỗ trống
(Look at Susie’s diary. What was she doing at these times? )
My diary
| Monday 4.30 – 5.30 p.m | have an appointment at the dentist’s |
| Tuesday 7 – 8 p.m | play tennis with Marry |
| Wednesday 8 – 10 p.m. | watch the Black Widows |
| Thursday 8.30 – 9.30 p.m | revise for an English test |
| Friday 5 – 7 p.m. | do the shopping with Carrol |
| Saturday 11.30 – 12.30 a.m. | cook lunch |
| Sunday 9 – 10 a.m. | tidy the house with mum |
On Monday at 5 p.m. she ……………………………….. an appointment at the dentist’s.
On Tuesday between 7 – 8 p.m. Susie and Marry ……………………………….. tennis.
On Wednesday at 9 o’clock she ……………………………….. the Black Widows.
On Thursday from 8.30 to 9.30 she ……………………………….. for an English test.
On Friday at 6 o’clock Jane and Carrol ……………………………….. the shopping.
On Saturday between 11.30 and 12.30 she ……………………………….. lunch.
On Sunday at 9.30 Jane and her mum ……………………………….. the house.
But I don’t know what she ……………………………….. at 12 p.m. on Sunday. Was she sleeping?
Đáp án:
was having
were playing
was watching
was revising
were doing
was cooking
were tidying
was doing
Để góp phần cung cấp cho quý độc giả một bài viết tổng quan về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Chúng tôi có đề cập một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ tiếp diễn.Nếu quý độc giả có bất kỳ đóng góp ý kiến nào xin vui lòng để lại bình luận bên dưới.
Học một ngôn ngữ mới là trở thành một con người mới. Ngôn ngữ là nguồn sống của tâm hồn, là nguyên liệu cho tư duy và là sự thể hiện của tư duy phát triển.
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