Trong các tình huống giao tiếp trong tiếng anh, hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ hoặc hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một hành động quá khứ khác người ta thường dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành. Bài viết hôm nay chúng tôi tổng quan sợ lược về cấu trúc, cách dùng và một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Tóm tắt lý thuyết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Cấu trúc (Form)
– Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)
- Subject + had + past participle
Ex:
- I had left my wallet at home. (Tôi đã để quên ví ở nhà.)
– Thể phủ định (Negative form)
- ( Subject + had not/ hadn’t + past participle
Ex:
- The house was dirty. They hadn’t cleaned it for weeks.
(Ngôi nhà rất dơ. Mấy tuần rồi họ đã không lau dọn nhà.)
– Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)
- Had + subject + past participle?
Ex:
- Where had he put his wallet? (Ảnh ấy đã để ví ở đâu?)
Cách dùng (Usage)
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả:
– Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Ex:
- We had lived in Hue before 1975.(Trước năm 1975 chúng tôi đã sống ở Huế.)
- I had turned off my TV set before nine o’clock last night. (Tối qua tôi đã tắt tivi trước 9 giờ.)
– Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trước một hành động quá khứ khác (hành động xảy ra trước dùng past perfect, hành động xảy ra sau dùng past simple.)
Ex:
- When I got up this morning, my father had already left. (Sáng nay, khi tôi thức dậy cha tôi đã đi rồi.)
- After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed. (Bọn trẻ đi ngủ sau khi đã làm xong bài tập về nhà.)
– Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài đến một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ.
Ex:
- By the time I met you I had worked in that company for five years.(Lúc tôi gặp anh tôi đã làm việc cho công ty đó được năm năm rồi.)
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành trong trong tiếng Anh
Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. Peter đang nói chuyện với chị gái Silly về bữa tiệc của bạn anh ấy. Sử dụng những từ trong bảng để hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại
(Peter is telling his sister Silly about his friend’s garden party. Use the words from the box to complete their conversation).
“never be, eat, not buy, never meet, not eat, play, not drink, not have, finish’”
Silly: Did you enjoy the party?
Peter: Not at all. I ………………………………………………. to such a party before. It was a disaster.
Silly: A disaster?
Peter: Exactly. When I arrived at the party, they ………………………… all the sausages. There was nothing to eat.
Silly: …………………………………….. enough sausages for everyone?
Peter: No, they hadn’t. The house was full of people I ……………………………………. before.
Silly: So you were hungry all afternoon.
Peter: I was pretty hungry. I …………………………………………… anything before I left home.
Silly: Did you dance?
Peter: No, I didn’t. There was a DJ at the party, but after he……………………………… a couple of songs, he disappeared.
Silly: What did you do then?
Peter: Fortunately, they …………………………….. all the wine before I came. I had two or three glasses of red wine and went home.
Silly: Peter? You told me you …………………………. anything to eat. You must have got drunk!
Peter: To tell the truth, when I ………………………………… the third glass, I felt a little bit dizzy. But I am all right now. Am I not?
Đáp án:
I had never been to such a party before.
When I arrived at the party, they had eaten all the sausages.
Hadn’t they bought enough sausages for everyone?
The house was full of people I had never met before.
I hadn’t eaten anything before I left home.
There was a DJ at the party, but after he had played a couple of songs, he disappeared.
Fortunately, they had not drunk all the wine before I came.
You told me you had not had anything to eat.
To tell the truth, when I had finished the third glass, I felt a little bit dizzy.
2. Sử dụng 2 cột gợi ý sau để viết câu khẳng định và câu phủ định tương ứng với từ gợi ý:
Example:
+ cook dinner – go out with her friends
He had cooked dinner. He hadn’t gone out with his friends.
___________________________________________________________________
+ wash the dishes – dry the dishes
+ walk her dog – feed her cat
+ watch a video – listen to music
+ have a shower – wash her hair
+ say good night to her mum – set her alarm clock
Đáp án:
She had washed the dishes. She had not dried the dishes.
She had walked her dog. She had not fed her cat.
She had watched a video. She had not listened to music.
She had had a shower. She had not washed her hair.
She had said good night to her mum. She had not set her alarm clock
3. Sử dụng từ trong ngoặc để nối thành một câu hoàn chỉnh( sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
(Join the sentences with expressions in brackets).
Example:
They graduated. They got married. (as soon as)
They got married as soon as they had graduated.
_________________________________________
We entered the restaurant. We were served. (after)
………………………………………………………………………………
I didn’t use my credit card. I lost it. (because)
………………………………………………………………………………
They didn’t tell me. Vietjet cancelled the flight. (that)
………………………………………………………………………………..
I couldn’t go out. I broke my leg and my finger. (because)
……………………………………………………………………………….
He took up a job. He left school. (as soon as)
………………………………………………………………………………
Marry fell in love with John. She told her parents. (after)
………………………………………………………………………………
I was in London for a week. I met Ann there. (when)
………………………………………………………………………………
Jimmy called Jame from his office. He came back home. (before)
……………………………………………………………………………..
Marry finished the meal. And I arrived. (by the time)
……………………………………………………………………………..
Ronaldo scored the goal. The fans went wild. (as soon as)
………………………………………………………………………………….
Đáp án:
After we had entered the restaurant we were served.
I didn’t use my credit card because I had lost it.
They didn’t tell me that Vietjet had cancelled the flight.
I couldn’t go out because I had broken my leg and my finger.
He took up a job as soon as he had left school.
After Marry had fallen in love with John she told her parents.
When I had been in London for a week, I met Ann there.
Jimmy had called Jame from his office before he came back home.
Marry had finished the meal by the time I arrived.
As soon as Ronaldo had scored the goal, the fans went wild.
4. Hoàn thành những câu sau với những cụm từ trong ngoặc sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
He couldn’t go skiing, because it ………………………………. the night before. (rain)
………………………………………… off the lights before you left home? (you – switch)
The plane crashed because the engines ………………………………….. fire. (catch)
After Petter ……………………… the bank, he got into his car. (leave)
When he arrived at the office, everyone …………………………… gone. (be)
………………………………………..anything to eat before you fed him? (the dog – have)
By the time Joseph returned home Sarah …………………….. to get in touch with him several times. (try)
Why …………………………………… me before you refused their offer? (you – call)
I was so sad because Jill …………………………………………… somewhere in Spain. (disappear)
What …………………………………………… with the computer before you called the technician? (you – do)
Đáp án:
He couldn’t go skiing, because it had rained the night before.
Had you switched off the lights before you left home?
The plane crashed because the engines had caught fire.
After Petter had left the bank, he got into his car.
When he arrived at the office, everyone had been gone.
Had the dog had anything to eat before you fed him?
By the time Joseph returned home Sarah had tried to get in touch with him several times.
Why had you called me before you refused their offer?
I was so sad because Jill had disappeared somewhere in Spain.
What had you done with the computer before you called the technician?
Để giúp quý độc giả có một cái nhìn tổng quát về cấu trúc, cách dùng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành, bên cạnh lý thuyết chung chúng tôi còn đưa ra một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành từ để các bạn học sinh, sinh viên và quý thầy cô tham khảo. Chúng tôi rất mong nhận được đóng góp ý kiến từ phía quý độc giả.
Học một ngôn ngữ mới là trở thành một con người mới. Ngôn ngữ là nguồn sống của tâm hồn, là nguyên liệu cho tư duy và là sự thể hiện của tư duy phát triển.
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