Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn có lời giải chi tiết

Trong giao tiếp tiếng anh, để nói một sự việc diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn. Hôm nay chúng tôi tóm lược một số kiến thức cơ bản về thì quá khứ đơn và trình bày một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ đơn, mời các bạn và quý thầy cô tham khảo.

Tóm tắt lý thuyết thì quá khứ đơn

Cấu trúc (Form)

– Thể khẳng định (Affirmative form)

•  I/ You/ He/ She/ It/ We/ They + verb (past tense)

Ex:

I met him yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi đã gặp anh ấy.)

– Thể phủ định (Negative form)

Đối với động từ be (was/ were), thêm not sau be (was not = wasn’t; were not = weren’t).

Ex:

He wasn’t present at class yesterday. (Hôm qua anh ta đã không đi học.)

Đối với động từ thường, dùng trợ động từ did.

• Subject + did not/didn’t + verb (bare-lnf.)

Ex:

I didn’t watch TV last night. (Tối qua tôi không xem tivi.)

– Thể nghi vấn (Interrogative form)

Đối với động từ be, đem be ra đầu câu.

Ex:

Was the train ten minutes late? (Có phải xe lửa đã trễ 10 phút không?)

Đối với động từ thường, đặt trợ động từ Did ở đầu câu.

( Did + subject + verb (bare-inf.) ? ]

Ex:

Did you see my son, Tom? (Tom, anh có nhìn thấy con trai tôi không?)

* Lưu ý: Cách chia động từ ở quá khứ đơn (past tense)

Động từ có quy tắc (regular verbs): thêm -ed vào sau động từ nguyên mẫu.

Ex: 

finish → finished           work → worked

Động từ bất quy tắc (irregular verbs): động từ ở cột 2 (V2 – past tense) trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc.

Ex:

see → saw            go → went

Quá khứ đơn của động từ to be (am/ is/ are) là was/ were (I/ he/ she/ it was; you/ we/ they were).

Trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn, động từ chính ở dạng nguyên mẫu (bare-infinitive).

 Cách dùng (Usage)

Thì quá khứ đơn được dùng để diễn tả:

– Hành động đã bắt đầu và đã kết thúc tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.

Ex:

• Tom went to Paris last summer. (Mùa hè trước, Tom đã đi Paris.)
• I left this city two years ago.(Hai năm trước đây, tôi đã rời thành phố này.)
• Pasteur died in 1895. (Pasteur qua đời năm 1895.)

Cách dùng này thường được dùng với các trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian quá khứ: last week/ month/ year… (tuần trước/ tháng trước! năm ngoái…), ago (cách đây), yesterday (hôm qua).

– Hành động đã xảy ra suốt một quãng thời gian trong quá khứ, nhưng nay đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt.

Ex:

• He worked in that bank for four years. (Anh ta đã làm việc trong ngân hàng đó bốn năm.) -> hiện nay anh ta không làm việc ở đó.
• Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.(Mozart đã viết hơn 600 bản nhạc.)

– Hành động được lặp đi lặp lại hoặc xảy ra thường xuyên trong quá khứ.

Ex:

• He always carried an umbrella. (Ông ta luôn mang theo dù.)
• When I was young, I often went fishing. (Khi còn trẻ, tôi thường đi câu.)

– Một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.

Ex:

• When we saw the spaceship, we stopped the car.(Khi chúng tôi nhìn thấy tàu vũ trụ, chúng tôi ngừng xe lại.)
• She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, locked the doors, and walked toward the theater. (Cô ấy lái xe vào chỗ đỗ xe, bước ra khỏi xe, khóa cửa xe, rồi đi về hướng rạp hát.)

Thì quá khứ đơn: tất tần tật về cấu trúc và cách dùng – Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh cơ bản

Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

1. Hoàn thành bài tập thư điện tử sau với động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn:

(Complete the the e-mail with the verbs in brackets)

Dear Tommy,

How are you doing? I feel miserable, I must admit. And I’m going to tell you why. Yesterday I ………………… (do) my homework, ………………… (tidy) my bedroom and ………………… (decide) to go out. The weather ………………… (be) perfect and so I ………………… (go) to the park. And do you know who I ………………… (see) there? Jason, my boyfriend. I ………………… (want) to say hello to him, but then I ………………… (stop), because I ………………… (can) see a girl coming to him. Guess what ………………… (happen). They ………………… (meet) in the middle of the road and he ………………… (kiss) her. My Jason! Jason and I ………………… (be) in the park three times and he never ………………… (try) to kiss me! I didn’t know what to do. I just ………………… (run) away. When I ………………… (come) back home, I ………………… (cry). Just a little bit, you know. Then I ………………… (say) to myself: Forget about Jason. There are plenty more fish in the sea! What do you think of him? Is he worth it? Please, write back soon. Love, Sam

Đáp án:

did

tidied

decided

was

went

saw

wanted

stopped

could

happened

met kissed

were

tried

ran

came

cried

said

2. Hoàn thành bài tập sau với động từ trong ngoặc sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn

(Correct the following information).

Example:

Columbus discovered America in 1492.

Columbus didn’t discover America in 1492

He landed on an island in the Caribbean in 1492.

Princess Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom in 1901. Victoria ………………………………………… queen in 1901. She ……………. (rule) Britain from 1837 to 1901. Shakespeare was the author of the tragedy called “As You Like It”. “As You like It” ……………………………. a tragedy. Shakespeare ……………………….. (write) it as a comedy. Julius Caesar died in a war in 44 BC. Caesar ………………………. in a war. The Roman senators ………………… (kill) him in the Senate. Sandro Botticelli created the portrait known as Mona Lisa. Botticelli …………………………………. Mona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci ………………………. (paint) it. Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor in India, built Taj Mahal for his oldest daughter. Shah Jahan ……………………………. Taj Mahal for his daughter. It ……………. (be) the tomb of his third wife.

Đáp án:

Victoria didn’t (did not) become… She ruled…

“As You Like It” wasn’t (was not)… Shakespeare wrote…

Caesar didn’t (did not) die… The Roman senators killed…

Botticelli didn’t (did not) create… Leonardo da Vinci painted…

Shah Jahan didn’t (did not) build… It was…

3. Hoàn thành bài tập viết lại câu sau sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn

(Jumbled sentences – make past simple questions).

Example:

• you | clean | room | the
• Did you clean the room?

Tom | arrive | on time

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

not | know | you |it

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

at | be | Marry | the | party

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

you | why | leave | early | so

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

they | in | be | office | their

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

think | what | he | our | of | house

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

trip | like | the | Mr. and Mrs. John

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

you | how | do | that

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

they | not | address | their |tell |you

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

there | how | Jerry | get

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

Đáp án:

Did Tom arrive on time?

Didn’t you know it? Did you not know it?

Was Marry at the party?

Why did you leave so early?

Were they in their office?

What did he think of our house?

Did Mr. and Mrs. John like the trip?

How did you do that?

Didn’t they tell you their address? Did they not tell you their address?

How did Jerry get there?

4. Hoàn thành câu trả lời sau sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn:

(Complete the answers).

D: Were you hungry?

F: Yes, I …………………… a little bit hungry.

D: Was your sister at school?

F: No, she …………………… at school.

D: Were your parents at work?

F: Yes, my mum …………………… at work. But my dad …………………… at work. He was ill.

D: Was John your friend? And Sam?

F: Peter and Bill …………………. my best friends.

D: I think the first story was quite interesting and the second story was great.

F: Really? No, the stories ………………….. very interesting.

D: Was I often ill when I was a child?

F: Not really. You ……………….. much healthier than your brother.

D: Were Marry and Miley good at sport?

F: Well, Susan …………. quite good at athletics, but Marion ……………………. good at any sport.

Đáp án:

Yes, I was a little bit hungry.

No, she was not (wasn’t) at school.

Yes, my mum was at work. But my dad was not (wasn’t) at work.

John and Sam were my best friends.

No, the stories were not (weren’t) very interesting.

Not really. You were much healthier than your brother.

Well, Marry was quite good at athletics, but Miley was not (wasn’t) good at any sport.

5. Hoàn thành mẫu truyện sau với dạng từ phủ định trong ngoặc

(Complete the story with negative forms).

Blue Friday

I ……………………………. (not have) a good day yesterday. I ……………………. (cannot) stay in bed late, because it was Friday and I had to go to school. Unfortunately, I ……………………………… (not get) up on time and I ………………………….. (not catch) the bus. I wanted to take a taxi, but I …………………… (not be) lucky. There ……………………… (not be) any taxis in our street. I ………………………………… (not want) to ask my dad to take me by car, because I thought it ……………………… (not be) a very good idea. I went to school on foot and as I ………………….. (not be) used to long walks, I was pretty tired. I…………………………………… (not listen) to our English teacher and when we wrote a revision test I ………………………………. (not pass) it. Believe me, my parents ……………………. (not be) very happy about it.

Đáp án:

I didn’t (did not) have

I couldn’t (could not)

I didn’t (did not) get

I didn’t (did not) catch

I wasn’t (was not)

There weren’t (were not)

I didn’t (did not) want

it wasn’t (was not)

I wasn’t (was not)

I didn’t (did not) listen

I didn’t (did not) pass

my parents weren’t (were not)

7. Từ những từ gợi ý viết lại  câu hỏi sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn

(Jumbled sentences – make past simple questions).

Example:

you | clean | room | the

Did you clean the room?

Peter | arrive | on time

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

not | know | you |it

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

at | be | Marry | the | party

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

you | why | leave | early | so

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

they | in | be | office | their

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

think | what | he | our | of | house

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

trip | like | the | Mr. and Mrs. John

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

you | how | do | that

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

they | not | address | their |tell |you

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

there | how | Joe | get

……………………………………………………………………………… ?

Đáp án:

Did Peter arrive on time?

Didn’t you know it? Did you not know it?

Was Marry at the party?

Why did you leave so early?

Were they in their office?

What did he think of our house?

Did Mr. and Mrs. John like the trip?

How did you do that?

Didn’t they tell you their address? Did they not tell you their address?

How did Joe get there?

8. Hoàn thành các câu trả lời sau sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn

(Complete the answers).

E: Were you hungry?

D: Yes, I …………………… a little bit hungry.

E: Was your sister at school?

D: No, she …………………… at school.

E: Were your parents at work?

D: Yes, my mum …………………… at work. But my dad …………………… at work. He was ill.

E: Was John your friend? And Sam?

D: John and Sam …………………. my best friends.

E: I think the first story was quite interesting and the second story was great.

D: Really? No, the stories ………………….. very interesting.

E: Was I often ill when I was a child?

D: Not really. You ……………….. much healthier than your brother.

E: Were Marry and Miley good at sport?

D: Well, Marry  …………. quite good at athletics, but Miley ……………………. good at any sport.

Đáp án:

Yes, I was a little bit hungry.

No, she was not (wasn’t) at school.

Yes, my mum was at work. But my dad was not (wasn’t) at work.

John and Sam were my best friends.

No, the stories were not (weren’t) very interesting.

Not really. You were much healthier than your brother.

Well, Marry was quite good at athletics, but Miley was not (wasn’t) good at any sport.

Trên đây là tổng hợp kiến thức cơ bản thì quá khứ đơn, Chúng tôi có đưa ra một số dạng bài tập thì quá khứ đơn để các bạn học sinh, sinh viên và quý thầy cô tham khảo. Rất mong nhận được sự đóng góp ý kiến từ phía thầy cô và các bạn.